ACTIVITIES OF PRE-INK SPOTS GROUPS BY DATE

LATE 20'S TO SUMMER 1934

** = we are especially anxious to learn more about these items )

Information on the Ink Spots origins is limited, and in some instances, contradictory. Our continuing research has enabled us to resolve many of the contradictions and refine some details relating to the various pre-Ink Spots groups although other questions remain. It is hoped that the following notes are reasonably accurate. As Always, additions and corrections are welcome.

Presumably all of these pre-Ink Spots groups sang swing numbers, sometimes with dancing and/or/kidding around.

1928   1929   1931   1932   1933   1934

 
DATE ACTIVITY, PLACE, SONGS OTHER PERFORMERS, COMMENTS, SOURCES
1928 Orville "Hoppy" Jones and Mifflin "Miff" Campbell met in a candy store in Indianapolis. They formed a dance duo called "Jones and Campbell" that traveled doing an act in vaudeville carnivals and small clubs in the area. They performed as a duet for over 3 1/2 years in the Indianapolis area with a pause in the spring of 1931 to perform as part of the Three Peanut Boys trio (see below.) [Keefner: Alaska Ruralite, 1987, pg. 4 based on an interview with then 80-year-old Mifflin Campbell]
Monday 9Apr/28 Shriners' 16th Annual Easter Event, Bright Lights – A musical comedy in 3 scenes, Tomlinson Hall, Indianapolis, IN, includes "Jones and Campbell". The promotion article for the show includes, "Orville Jones and Mifflin Campbell, in their superb performance are foot artists of no mean ability, which will be proven in their dance act, which is the backbone of the show." [Indianapolis Recorder, 7Apr/28]
caMay/28 Ivory "Deek" Watson performed in a coffee pot band in Indianapolis called the "Percolating Puppies".

The band played a small tea pot, a medium coffee pot, a very large coffee pot and guitars. [Watson with Stephenson: The Story of the Ink Spots, 1967, pg. 4]

17May/28

Crump's, Columbus, IN. "Four-Dice Rastus" seems like a Deek Watson name.

 

[The Republic, Columbus IN, 14May/28]

A comment in the Indianapolis Recorder, under their picture, says they were employed by Dempsey at his training camp when he was in training to fight Tunney. "Four-Dice Rastus" seems a Deek Watson-type name.

11Jun/28 Walker, Indianapolis, IN "A group of local boys making up what is known as the "Coffee Pot" band, was an added attraction Monday night.." [Indianapolis Recorder, 16Jun/28] We assume this is one appearance of the "Percolating Puppies".
ca 1928 Charlie Fuqua (guitar) was a member of an Indianapolis group called the "Patent Leather Kids" with Syd Valentine (trumpet), "Doc" Wheeler Moran (drums), James "Slick" Helms (piano) and Paul George (banjo) plus unknown others to total ten. [Goldberg, More Than Words Can Say, pg. 5] We could find no mention of this group in the Indianapolis Recorder from 1927 on but they made recordings although Charlie Fuqua was not a member at this time.
ca1929 Fuqua left the "Patent Leather Kids" and teamed with Jerry Daniels and Bernie Mackey to form an unnamed coffee-pot band [Goldberg, pg. 5]
1931 "Jones and Campbell" added Leonard Reed and became a trio called the "Three Peanut Boys". Their first know performance was a radio broadcast over WFBE (Cincinnati) on 13May/31. We believe this group formed about March, 1931. An article in the Pittsburgh Courier dated May 23, 1931 discusses the addition of a pianist, Willard Hamby, to the group, names the others and indicates that they are currently broadcasting over WFBE. [Indianapolis Recorder, 23May/31]
13May/31 "Three Peanut Boys" broadcast over WFBE, Cincinnati on Wednesday @6:30PM for one-half hour. [Cincinnati Enquirer, Sunday, 10May/31. This is the only broadcast listed for the period April-June/31.
Jun/31 Daniels and Fuqua decide to turn pro and leave their unnamed coffee pot band and Bernie Mackey (who will later return as a member of the Ink Spots to fill in when Fuqua is in the armed forces) to form a duet, "Jerry and Charlie". They appeared in vaudeville and performed regularly on WKBF (Indianapolis). They are also reported to have toured the Midwest in 1932 with the Whitman Sisters vaudeville show [Goldberg pg. 7] Broadcasts, usually 15 minutes, on WKBF per our review of Indianapolis News issues are listed below.
19Jun/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00PM
26Jun/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:45PM
3Jul/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:45PM
10Jul/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:45PM
24Jul/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:45PM
31Jul/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:45PM
7Aug/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:45PM
14Aug/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:45PM
21Aug/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:30PM
28Aug/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:30PM
4Sep/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:30PM
11Sep/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:30PM
18Sep/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:30PM
25Sep/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:30PM
2Oct/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 10:30PM
28Oct/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM
7Nov/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
14Nov/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
17Nov/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM
18Nov/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:15PM
21Nov/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
25Nov/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:15PM
1Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:45PM
2Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM
3Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM
5Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 7:00PM
8Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM
11Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM
12Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:00PM
13Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
14Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM
15Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM; 8:45PM
16Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM
17Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM
19Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:00PM
20Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
21Dec/31 Good Fellows Charity Program at the Walker Casino, Monday, 21Dec/31 featuring both "Johns and Campbell" and "Jerry and Charlie." This is the only time we know of that two pre-Ink Spot groups performed together on one program. "Jones and Campbell" were decsribed as "...top dancers of note and versatile entertainers. "Jerry and Charlie" were shown as, "Charles Fuqua and Jerry Daniels, radio artists extraordinary..." and they also broadcast from WKBF on the same day. This is also the only non-radio performance we have found for "Jerry and Charlie" although we believe there were many others. [Indianapolis Recorder, 19Dec/31]
21Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM
22Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM
23Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 6:30PM
27Dec/31 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
3Jan/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
23Jan/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 6:30PM
24Jan/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
27Jan/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:00PM
30Jan/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
31Jan/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
6Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
7Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
9Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM
10Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 6:45PM
13Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
14Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
16Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM
20Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
23Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF,7:15PM
24Feb/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:15PM
1Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00PM
2Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
8Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM
9Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
14Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 8:30PM
15Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 8:30PM
16Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 7:15PM
17Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM
21Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 8:30PM
22Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 8:30PM
23Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 7:15PM
24Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM
26Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 7:00PM
28Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 8:30PM
29Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM; 8:30PM
30Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:15PM
31Mar/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM; 9:15PM
2Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:00AM
4Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM
5Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM
6Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:15PM
7Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM
8Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM
11Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM
12Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM
13Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 6:45PM
14Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF,4:15PM, 7:15PM
15Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM
16Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 4:15PM; 6:45PM
18Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM
19Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM
20Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM; 8:15PM
21Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM
22Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:45PM
23Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM; 8:15PM
25Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM
26Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM; 8:15PM
27Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM; 7:45PM
28Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM; 9:50PM
30Apr/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM
2May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM
3May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:15AM; 8:15PM
6May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM
7May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:15PM
9May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM
14May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:45PM
16May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM
18May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:00PM
21May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:45PM
23May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM
26May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:15PM
28May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:45PM
30May/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:15PM
4Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:45PM
7Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:45PM
8Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM
9Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
11Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
14Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
16Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
18Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
21Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM
28Jun/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM  
caSep/32 While the last performance we know of was on 21Dec/31 as noted above, "Jones and Campbell" may have continued into 1932. Probably about September they joined with Deek Watson and a fourth member, Oliver "Slim" Green and the name of the group was changed to the "Four Riff Brothers".  While many sources suggest earlier dates for this group - usually 1929 - 1931, the first appearance we have found is for 27Sep/32 (see below) although an article announcing the Fountain Square appearance states that, "Recently they appeared at the Indiana Roof ballroom and 'The Trees.' " [Indianapolis News, 24Sep/32]
27-29 Sep/32 Riff Brothers, Fountain Square, Indianapolis, IN Slim Greeen, "the Dancing Fool," is also single billed. Movie: Speak Easily with Buster Keaton and Snozzle Durante. [Indianapolis News, 24Sep/32]
29Sep/32

Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM

 
6Oct/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
13Oct/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
20Oct/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
27Oct/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
3Nov/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
10Nov/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
17Nov/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
17Nov/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 7:30PM, Thurs  
24Nov/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
1Dec/32 Riff Brothers - WFBM, 6:00PM  
2Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 9:00PM, Fri  
10Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 2:00PM, Sat  
13Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:45AM, Tues  
14Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:00Noon, Wed  
15Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:00Noon, Thurs  
16Dec/32

Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:45AM, Fri

 
17Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 2:00PM, Sat  
20Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:45AM, Tues  
21Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:00Noon, Wed  
22Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 12:00Noon, Thurs  
23Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:45AM, Fri  
24Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 9:00PM, Sat  
26Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM, Mon  
27Dec/32 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:45AM, Tues  
2Jan/33 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 8:30PM, Mon  
3Jan/33 Jerry and Charlie - WKBF, 11:45AM, Tues  
31Dec/32 Special Midnite Ramble, Walker Theatre, Indianapolis, IN The Four Riff Brothers are one supporting act for the Harlem Hot Shots featuring Bernie Young and his 13 Creoles. The ad simply lists them as "Four Riff Bros., Indianapolis own sons." Other supporting acts were singer Marjorie Montgomery, the Price Sisters dancers and tap dancer Little Bo Jangles. Movie: I Am A Fugitive From A Chain Gang with Paul Muni. [Indianapolis Recorder, 31Dec/32]
12-13 Jan/33 Charity Ball and Bazaar, Walker Casino, Indianapolis, IN. General Admission 35 cents. Under a heading of "Your Favorite Radio Stars," the "Four Riff Brothers" are listed along with Mr. Clarence Carter ("Brown Bing Crosby,") Mood Indigo Trio and the World's Fastest Tap Dancers Bill & Bill although it is hard to picture tap dancers Bill & Bill as a favorite radio show! The program also included dance music by Jimmie Nichlson's Orch. and a "Beautiful [hair] Style Show" presented by the Evadne Girls Club. [Indianapolis Recorder, 7Jan/33]
4-5 Feb/33 Capitol Theatre, Indianapolis, IN, billed as "Slim Green & Riff Bros." With different movies on the 4th and 5th. [Indianapolis News, 4Feb/33]
9Feb/33

First WLW broadcast - Thurs-5:45PM.

The Four Riff Brothers succeeded the Mills Brothers on WLW, Cincinnati, where they frequently broadcast from 9Feb - 1Sep/33 under their own group name - usually for 15 minutes. They also appeared in at least two other WLW shows, Plantation Days and the Crosley Club. (see below)

Only shows which we have checked to Cincinnati Enquirer or Times-Star radio listings are listed although we believe other broadcasts occurred during this period. The times shown for broadcasts can be confusing because different sources provide conflicting dates and many listings for "black quartet and male black quartet occur. For example, the Pittsburgh Courier provides days and times in 1933 that frequently do not agree with WLW listings in the Cincinnati Enquirer. We believe that the Cincinnati Enquirer listings covering 9Feb - 1Sep/33 are more accurate (primarily based on Pittsburgh Courier listing times in late 1933 and even January/34 for the Riff Brothers although this group did not exist at the time!)
Feb-Aug/33

Radio-The Rhythm Club, WLW. The Riff Brothers were regulars on this show and probably performed in skits as well as singing.

On this show we believe Hoppy is Brother Bones Hoppy, an undertaker and Deek is Elder Johnson who sometimes builds small fires in the wrap-room!! You can find more on the Riff Brothers page. [Wave Lengths, Aileen Eckstein, Pittsburgh Courier, 29Apr/33]

We have found Rhythm Club broadcast listings for: Feb-8, 15, 18, 22, 25, 27; Mar-1, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 22, 29; Apr-4, 5, 12, 19; May-20, 27; Jun-3, 10, 17, 24; Jul-1, 8, 15, 19; Aug-12, 19.

9Feb/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-5:45PM  
17Feb/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-9:15PM
24Feb/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-9:15PM
3Mar/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-9:15PM
17Mar/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-9:20PM
21Mar/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-8:45PM
24Mar/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-9:30PM
28Mar/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-8:45PM
4Apr/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-8:15PM
11pr/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-8:45PM
18Apr/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-8:45PM

21Apr/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-2:30PM
22Apr/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Sat-9:45PM
25Apr/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-8:45AM  
28Apr/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-2:30PM
29Apr/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Sat-9:45PM
1May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Mon-11:15AM
2May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-11:15AM
3May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Wed 11:15AM
4May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-11:15AM
Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-8:30PM
5May/33 Jerry and Charlie, "the dancing duet"- Indianapolis YMCA, "Underneath The Harlem Moon," under the auspices of the Industrial Federation. They perform one act in this show directed by Walter Green. [Indianapolis Recorder, page 6, Saturday, 29Apr/33]
Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-11:15AM
6May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Sat-11:15AM  
9May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-9:45PM
11May/33

Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-5:15PM

Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-8:30PM
12May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-9:50PM
17May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Wed-11:15AM
18May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-8:30PM
20May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Sat-10:45AM
25May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-2:15PM
Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-8:30PM
27May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Sat-5:45PM
30May/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
6Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
7Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Wed-3:45PM
10Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Sat-5:45PM
12Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Mon., Plantation Days Plantation Days was another show that included the Riff Brothers, at least on this date (we don't know if they were regulars on this show). W/Charioteers [Pittsburgh Courier, 17Jun/33]. Plantation Days was a frequent show from, at least, 22May - 30Sep/33 on WLW.
13Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
14Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Wed-3:45PM
17Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Sat-5:45PM
20Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
24Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Sat-5:45PM
27Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
30Jun/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-6:45PM  
4Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-4:45PM
6Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-4:45PM
7Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-4:45PM
11Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
13Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Thurs-4:45PM
14Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:00PM
Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-6:45PM
18Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
21Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:15PM
25Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
28Jul/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:00PM
Riff Brothers -WSAI, Fri-3:30PM
1Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
4Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:00PM
Riff Brothers - WSAI, Fri-3:30PM
8Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
9Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WSAI, Wed-9:00PM  
11Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:00PM
Riff Brothers -WSAI, Fri-3:30PM
15Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
18Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:00PM
22Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
25Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:00PM
Riff Brothers -WSAI, Fri-3:30PM
29Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Tues-2:15PM
30Aug/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Wed-5:30PM
1Sep/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:00PM
8Sep/33 Riff Brothers - WLW, Fri-3:00PM??
Sep/33? The Riff Brothers broke up when Watson and Green left to do solo acts. [Goldberg, More Than Words Can Say, pg. 4]
caOct/33 "Charlie and Jerry" meet Watson in Cleveland and they decide to form a trio first called the "Gates Brothers."  
28Oct & 4Nov/33

Gates Brothers broadcast on WHK:

28Oct at 7:15PM

4Nov at 5:10PM

Did they only broadcast a few times on WHK? (There were also a few listings at this time for "Male Black Trio".) [Cleveland Plain Dealer, 4Nov/33; Cleveland Press, 28Oct/33]

After 4Nov. & before 30Nov/34

They moved to Cincinnati and began to broadcast using the name "The Three Porters" on WLW (could have been sister station WASI.) This name must have been very short-lived as they again switched names, this time to the "King, Jack and Jester" sometime before their first known WSAI broadcast on 30Nov/33. [Indianapolis Recorder, 9Dec/33, pg4]
30Nov/33 King, Jack and Jester - WASI, Thurs-2:45PM [Cincinnati Enquirer, Page 46, 30Nov/33]
9Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WASI, Sun-11:15AM *
19Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WASI, Mon-11:15AM
21Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WASI, Wed-2:00PM
23Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WASI, Fri-10:15AM
24Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WASI, Sat-2:45PM
27Dec/33

King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM

 
28Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-3:00PM *
29Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-3:00PM *
30Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-11:15AM *
31Dec/33 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM *
2Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
3Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
4Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
5Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-3:00PM  
6Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-11:15AM  
7Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
8Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-11:15PM  
9Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-11:15AM  
10Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, 12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
11Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
12Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-3:00PM  
13Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-11:15AM  
14Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
16Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
17Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
18Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
19Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
21Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
22Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-12:15PM  
23Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
24Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
25Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
26Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
28Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
29Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-12:15PM  
30Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
31Jan/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:45PM  
1Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
2Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
4Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
6Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
7Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
8Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
9Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
10Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
11Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
13Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
14Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
15Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
16Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
17Feb/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
18Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
19Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-12:15PM  
20Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
21Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
22Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Thurs-2:00PM  
23Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
24Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
25Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-12:15PM  
27Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
28Feb/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
1Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
2Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
3Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
4Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
5Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-12:15PM  
6Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-12:15PM  
7Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
8Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-12:00 Noon  
9Mar/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WSAI, Fri-12:15PM  
King, Jack and Jesters - WLW, Fri-4:45PM ****
10Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW-Sat-11:45AM  
11Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
14Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-7:30PM  
15Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-7:30PM  
16Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-7:30PM  
17Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
18Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
19Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-7:30PM
21Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-7:30PM  
22Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-7:30PM  
23Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-7:30PM  
24Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-7:30PM  
25Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
26Mar/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WLW, Mon-5:15PM ****
King, Jack and Jesters - WSAI, Mon-7:30PM ****
28Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-7:30PM  
29Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-7:30PM  
30Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-7:30PM  
31Mar/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-7:30PM  
1Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM
2Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-7:30PM
4Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-7:30PM  
5Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-7:30PM  
King, Jack and Jesters - WLW,Thurs-8:00AM ****
6Apr/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WSAI, Fri-7:30PM
7Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-7:30PM  
8Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM
9Apr/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WSAI, Mon-7:30PM ****
11Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-7:30PM
12Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-7:30PM  
13Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-7:30PM  
14Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-7:30PM  
16Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-7:30PM  
18Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-4:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-7:30PM  
19Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-7:30PM  
20Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-7:30PM  
21Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-7:30PM  
23Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-7:30PM  
25Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-7:30PM  
26Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-7:30PM  
27Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-7:30PM  
28Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:45AM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-7:30PM  
29Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
30Apr/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
1May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM  
2May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Wed-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:00PM  
3May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW,Thurs-10:45AM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-4:00PM  
4May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-4:00PM  
5May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM  
6May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM
7May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-4:00PM  
8May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-4:00PM  
9May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:00PM  
10May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-4:00PM  
11May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-4:00PM  
12May/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WLW, Sat-11:15AM ****
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM  
13May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
14May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
15May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM  
16May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:00PM  
18May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-4:00PM  
19May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:00AM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM  
20May/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM ****
King, Jack and Jesters - WSAI, Sun-10:15PM ****
21May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-4:00PM  
22May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM  
23May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:00PM  
24May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-4:00PM  
25May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-4:00PM  
26May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM  
27May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
28May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
29May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-4:00PM  
30May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:00PM  
31May/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-4:00PM  
1Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-4:00PM  
2Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-11:00AM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM  
3Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
4Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-4:00PM  
5Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM  
6Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:00PM  
7Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-4:00PM  
8Jun/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WLW, Fri-10:30AM ****
9Jun/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM ****
King, Jack and Jesters - WLW, Sat-6:45PM ****
10Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
11Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-4:00PM  
12Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-4:00PM  
13Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:00PM  
14Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-4:00PM  
15Jun/34 King, Jack and Jesters - WLW, Fri-10:30AM ****
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-4:00PM  
16Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM  
17Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
18Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Mon-4:00PM  
19Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Tues-4:00PM  
20Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Wed-4:00PM  
21Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-4:00PM  
22Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Fri-4:00PM  
23Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM  
King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Sat-6:45PM  
24Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
25Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Mon-2:45PM  
26Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WLW, Tues-2:45PM?  
28Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Thurs-4:00PM  
30Jun/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sat-5:15PM  
1Jul/34 King, Jack and Jester - WSAI, Sun-4:45PM  
June-Jul/34? Orville "Hoppy" Jones joins this group or joins the Ink Spots before they made their first appearances in August/34.  
3Aug/34 First known Four Ink Spots appearance at the Apollo in New York City. A New York Amsterdam News, 4Aug/34, advertisement lists 4 Ink Spots as one support group for Tiny Bradshaw and His Orch.

Revised 16Aug/2018